Method of producing puppet-valves for internal-combustion engines.



ENGINES.

G. R. RICH. METHOD OF PRODUGIfiIG PUPPET VALVES FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION APPLIOATIGN FILED 00114 1912.

Patented June 23, 1914.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE R. RICH, OF OAK PARK, I'LMNOIS, ASSIGNOB TO RICH TOOL (*JOMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A GOBBOBA'HION OEIIJLINOIS.

Specification .of Letters norm,

Application filed October 14;, 1912. Serial "110.7%,621.

Patented J une 23, 1914.

To all whom it may concern;

Be it known that I, GEORGE R, RICH, a citizen of the United States, residing at Oak Parln in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Methods of Producing Puppet-Valves for Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

Thi invention relates to puppet valfor internal combustion engines and the method. of producing such valves. It is well known to those skilled in the art in which this invention belongs, that the puppet valves of internal combustion engines are subjected, when in use, to very high degrees of temperature, that there is constant danger of such valves warping by reason of the high temperature and that the bearing surfaces of the valves become pitted and accumulate carbon, so that in a Short time they must be reground and the carbon removed in order that they may give the best service.

The main objects of this invention are to increase the efliciency of puppet valves of this class, to produce a pu pet valve which is not injuriously affected hy the high temperature of the gases in internal combustion engines, to produce one which will not warp when subjected to such high temperatures, and one whosebearing surface will not pit and accumulate any appreciable amount of 1 carbon.

The invention consists inthe method of producing such a valve by subjecting a heated bar of tungsten steel to comparatively light hammer strokes in a particular manner, as will be more fully set forth in this specification and definitely pointed 0.1113 in the claims.

A. drawing isv furnished herewith for use in illustrating the method employed in producingthe valve and in said drawing, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a hammer, em-

ployed in the method of producing the valve, Fig. 2 is aside elevation of a fragment oil? a second hammer, showin in vertical section, a pair of diesused in t e second operation of the method, Fig. 3 is a side view of a fragment of a rod of tungsten steel, Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the valve body after the first operation, Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the completed valve body and Fig.

6 is an end viewthereof.

Referring to said drawing, the puppet or block, A, of containing a percentage of tungsten, and

valve, forming my present invention, com- PllSesa disk like valve piece, 10, forming the puppet valve proper, and having an annular bearing face, 11, usually tapered in f rm and adapted to seat upon a sui able valve seat. A valve stem 12, projects from one face of the valve, and the alve and its stem are made of one piece of metal, conta n ng in it composition a suitable percentage of tungsten, at least six per cent, tungsten, although better results may be had by employing a higher percentage of tungsten. By reason of the ecullar method employed in the, productlon 0f thls valve, the grain o th m al is very fine throughout, ithaving been treated, in the method of production, in such a manner that throughout its entirety the metal is compacted. Tungsten steel is hard, does notlose its hardness and warp even when SIlbJGCtEd to temperatures-reaching as high as 1200 degrees Fahrenheit, and the bearing face of a valve, made of tungsten steel, does not pit, nor does it collect any appreciable amount of carbon when used in an internal combustion engine, and is subjected to the high'temperatured gases therein.

In carrying out my method of producing tungsten steel puppet valve bodies, a rod tungsten steel, or steel of about one half the diameter of the finished valve, is first heated to a temperature of about 2300 degrees Fahrenheit, and there- 'upon a portion, A of its length is subjected to comparatively light blows of a hammenzdescribed below, whereby said portion 1s compressed and lengthened out to substantially the diameter and length of the finished valvest'em after which the large end, A, is subjected to comparatively light hammer strokes, in an endwise direction of the stem, and flattened down into the rough form of a puppet valve body.

In roducing a valve in accordance with this method, a power operated hammer, 15, is employed, having an anvil, 16, and a hammerhead, 17 on along arm, 18, fulcrumed at one end to a standard, 18; Dies, 19, 20, are carried by the anvil and hammerhead, respectively,and said dies are formed with a plurality of opposing curved grooves, 21, 21*, and said grooves in their order of arrangement, are of gradually decreasing diameters, the largest groove being somewhat smaller than the diameter of the original rod, whereas the smallest groove is a trifle larger than the diameter of, the finished valve stem. The same hammer or a second hammer, is provided with a die, 22, rotatively mounted in the anvil, 16, of the hammer, and having. a central vertical hole of substantially the diameter of the valve stem of the puppet valve, said hole being flared at its upperend as seen at 23. To the hammerhead, is secured a die, 24:, having a ,concave face, 25, registering with the opening in the die, 22.

In my method of producing a tungsten steel valve, the heated rod, A, is first placed in the largest groove in the die, 19, (with enough metal projecting beyond the groove to form the head) and then subjected to a large number of comparatively light blows of the die carried by the hammerhead,

whereby said portion of the rod is compressed and lengthened out. The reduced portion is then subjected to the blows of the hammer, while lying in the other grooves, one after another, until that portion of the rod is reduced to substantially the desired diameter and length of the valve stem. Thereafter-the piece is reheated to the required temperature, the 'stem inserted in the hole of the die, 22, and the protruding portion, A subjected to comparatively light hammer strokes of the hammer, containing the flattening die, 24, until that protruding portion has been flattened down into the rough form of the valve, care being taken to rotate the lower die, 22, frequently so that the metal may be spread evenly throughout the body of the valve.

With the use of a fulcrumed hammer, the metal in the valve proper, is forced toward one side of the valve, and by rotating the die,

between the hammer strokes, the metal may be spread evenly in all directions. throughout the body of the valve. After the rough piece has been completed it is annealed, finished, and rehardened.

It is obvious that a tungsten steel valve constructed in accordance with the above described method, comprises an extremely solidified mass of t tungsten steel which, on account of its peculiar characteristics, eflectively resists the action of the high temperatures of the gases of internal combustion engines, does not warp, nor does its bearing face pit and accumulate any appreciable because it will be found that the core or center of a bar of steel, of large enough diameter to make the valve therefrom, is not ,as dense as the surface material, and therefore capable of resisting the high temperatures, as is the surface material of such'a rod. A tungsten steel puppet valve, such as may be constructed in accordance with the present method, is illustrated, described, and claimed in my co-pending application, Serial No. 703,202, filed June 12,- 1912, and allowed November 20, 1912.

I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. The herein described method of producing tungsten steel puppet valve bodies, which consists in subjecting the greater portion of a highly heated rod of tungsten steel, of less diameter than the diameter of the finished valve, to comparatively light strokes of a hammer, in a direction transverse of the rod, and thereafter subjecting the other portion to comparatively light strokes of a hammer in an endwise direction, whereby said latter portion is flattened out in the form of a puppet valve integral with its stem.

2. The herein described method of producing tungsten steel puppet valve bodies, which consists (1) in subjecting a portion of a highly-heated rod of tungsten steel, of less diameter than the diameter of the finished valve, to comparatively light strokes of a hammer, in a direction transverse of the rod, and (2) thereafter subjecting the other por tion of said rod to comparatively light strokes of a hammer in an endwise direction and (3) turning said rod while so subjecting it to said blows in an endwise direction, whereby the 'unreduced end of the rod is symmetrically flattened out into the form of a puppet valve head integral with its stem.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my ,hand at Chicago, Cook county, Illinois, this 9th day of Oct. 1912, in the presence of two witnesses.

GEORGE R. RICH.

Witnesses:

E. M. BOYLE, O. M. CARRY. 

